Diversity of chromosome numbers and meiotic studies in genus Anchusa (Boraginaceae) from Iran (10 Nov 2015)

Document Type : Original Research Papers

Authors

Department of Biology, Herbarium division, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 65175/4161, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The present study reports the chromosome number and meiotic behaviour of 14 populations
belonging to four taxa of Anchusa subgenus Buglossum Gusul. from Iran. All populations
showed the chromosome number 2n= 4x= 32. It is the first meiotic study for A. subg.
Buglossum. We discuss some habit form and evolutionary aspect in the light of cytogenetic
data. The origin of polyploidy (auto-allopolyploidy) were also surveyed. As the result of the
present study and reviewing the chromosome numbers in Anchusa subg. Buglossum and A.
subg. Buglossoides Gusul. in Iran, it can be concluded that polyploidy is the major force
modeling the chromosome evolution within these subgenera. Almost all the studied taxa
displayed regular bivalent pairing and chromosome segregation at meiosis. However, some
meiotic abnormalities observed in different taxa are discussed here.

Keywords

Main Subjects


1. Selvi, F. and Bigazzi, M. (1998) Anchusa L. & allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy. Plant
Biosyst., 132, 110 – 140.
2. Hilger, H.H., Selvi, F., Papini, A. and Bigazzi, M. (2004) Molecular systematics of Boraginaceae
tribe Boragineae based on ITS1 and trnL sequences, with special reference to Anchusa s.l. Ann.
Bot., 94, 201–212.
3. Riedl, H. (1967) Boraginaceae. In: Rechinger K. H. (ed.), Flora Iranica 48. Graz: Akademische
Drück- und Verlagsanstalt.
4. Selvi, F. and Bigazzi, M. (2003) Revision of genus Anchusa L. (Boraginaceae-Boragineae) in
Greece. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 142, 431– 454.
5. Khatamsaz, M. (2002) Flora of Iran (in Persian). Tehran: Research Institute of Forests and
Rangelands .
6. Smith, S.G. (1932) Cytology of Anchusa and its relation to the taxonomy of the genus. Bot. Gaz.,
94, 394–403.
7. Markova, M.L. (1989) Chromosome numbers of Bulgarian angiosperms. Fitologija, 36, 67–68.
8. Bigazzi, M., Fiorini, G., and Selvi, F. (2000) Mediterranean chromosome number reports 10
(1193–1200). Fl. Medit., 10, 411–414.
9. Blat, Y., Protacio, R.U., Hunter, N. and Kleckner, N. (2002) Physical and Functional Interactions
among Basic Chromosome Organizational Features Govern Early Steps of Meiotic Chiasma
Formation. Cell, 111, 791–802.
10. Senda, T., Hiraoka, Y. and Tominaga, T. (2005) Cytological affinities and interfertilities between
Lolium temulentum and L. persicum (Poaceae) accessions. Hereditas, 142, 45–50.
11. Ranjbar, M. and Almasi, M. (2013) Cytotaxonomic revision of Onosma series Aleppica.
BioDiCon, 6 (1), 1–15.
12. Camacho, J.P.M., Sharbel, T.F. and Beukeboom, L.W. (2000) B-chromosome evolution. R. Soc.
Lond., 355, 163–178.
13. Ranjbar, M., Hajmoradi, F. and Karamian, R. (2012) An overview on cytogenetics of the genus
Onobrychis (Fabaceae) with special reference to O. sect. Hymenobrychis from Iran. Caryologia,
65 (3), 187–198.
14. Heslop-Harrison, J, (1966). Cytoplasmic connections between angiosperm meiocytes. Ann. Bot.,
30, 221–230.
15. Bellucci, M., Roscini C., and. Mariani, A. (2003). Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of Medicago
sativa L. J.Hered., 94(6), 512–516.
16. Ranjbar, M. and Almasi, M. (2014) A taxonomic notes on Onosma sect. Aponosma
(Boraginaceae) from Iran. Edinb. J. Bot., 71 (1), 75–82.
17. Ranjbar, M., Almasi, M. and Hosseini, E. (2013) Cytogenetic study of two Solenanthus Ledeb.
species (Boraginaceae) in Iran. Journal of Cell and Molecular Research (JCMR), 5 (1), 13–16.
18. Lattoo, S.K., Khan, S., Bamotra, S. and Dhar, A.K. (2006) Cytomixis impairs meiosis and
influences reproductive success in Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb) Jacq. an additional strategy
and possible implications. J. Bioscience, 31, 629–637
19. Boldrinia, K.R., and Pagliarini, M.S. (2006) Cell fusion and cytomixis during microsporogenesis
in Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae). S. Afr. J. Bot., 72(3), 478–481
20. Song1, Z. & Li X., (2009). Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Caryologia,
3, 213–219.
21. Baptista-Giacomelli, F.R., Pagliarini, M.S., and Almeida, J.L. (2000) Meiotic behavior in several
Brazilian oat cultivars (Avena sativa L.). Cytologia, 65, 371–378.
22. Ranjbar, M., Karamian, R. and Hadadi, A. (2009) Biosystematic study of Onobrychis vicifolia
Scop. and Onobrychis altissima Grossh. (Fabaceae) in Iran. Iran. J. Bot., 15 (1), 85–95.
23. Britton, D. (1951) Cytogenetic studies on the Boraginaceae. Brittonia, 7, 233–266.
24. Strid, A. (1971) Chromosome numbers in some Albanian angiosperms. Botaniska Notiser, 124,
490–496.
25. Markova, M. and Goranova, V. (1995) Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5 (435–473).
Fl. Medit., 5, 289–317.
26. Love, A. and Love D. (1982) IOPB chromosome number reports LXXVI. Taxon, 31, 583–587.
27. Valdes, B., Pastor, J. and Ubera, J. (1978) In Numeros cromosomicos para la flora Espariola. 1-
44. Lagascalia, 7, 191–216.
28. Valsecchi, F. (1976) Genere Anchusa in Sardegna. Webbia, 30, 43–68.
29. D'Amato, G. and Trojani, Z. (1985) Giemsa banding and karyotype in three species of Anchusa
(Boraginaceae). Caryologia, 38, 13–21.
30. Ghaffari, S.M. (1996) Chromosome studies in some species of Boraginaceae from Iran. Iran. J.
Bot., 7(1), 81–93.
31. Díaz Lifante, Z., Luque, T. and Bárbara, C.S. (1992) Chromosome numbers of plants collected
during Iter Mediterraneum II in Israel. Bocconea, 3, 229–250.
32. Constantinidis, T. and Kamari, G. (1995) Mediterranean chromosome number reports 5 (401–
414). Fl. Medit., 5, 265–278.
33. Johnston, I.M. (1924) Studies in the Boraginaceae. III. 1.The Old World genera of the
Boraginoideae. Contr. Gray Herb., 73, 42–78.
34. Riedl, H. (1963) Anchusa subgen. Chamanchusa subgen. nov. und das System der
Borraginoideae-Anchuseae. Österr. Bot. Zeitschr., 110, 543–546.
35. Coppi, A., Bigazzi, M. and Selvi, F. (2006) Chromosome studies in Mediterranean Boraginaceae.
Fl. Medit., 16, 253–274.
36. Mendes-Bonato, A.B., Risso-Pascotto, C.E., Pagliarini, M.S. and Do Valle, C. B. (2006)
Chromosome number and meiotic behavior in Brachiaria jubata (Gramineae). J. Genet., 1 (2), 1–6
37. Sybenga, J. (1996) Chromosome pairing affinity and quadrivalent formation in polyploids: do
segmental allopolyploids exist?. Genome, 39, 1176–1184.
38. Friedman, R. and Hughes, A.L. (2001) Pattern and timing of gene duplication in animal genomes.
Genet. Res., 11, 1842–1847.
39. Liu, B. and Wendel, J.F. (2003) Epigenetic phenomena and the evolution of plant allopolyploids.
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 29, 365–379.
40. Stebbins, G. and Ledyard, J.R. (1938) Cytological characteristics associated with the different
growth habits in the dicotyledons. Am. Jour. Bnt., 25, 189–198.
41. Muntzing, A. (1936) The evolutionary significance of auto-polyploidy. Hereditas, 21 (2), 63–378.